跟老韩学Linux SRE top指令

top指令是每个学习和使用Linux技能树的朋友必须熟练掌握的指令之一，其日常使用主要分为交互模式和非交互模式，简单实例如下。

1、top交互式模式

top-交互式界面（默认）

2、top非交互式模式演示

root@hanyw-ubuntu:~1through4,whenmodified,|Shared1|2|.malloc()|.brk()/sbrk()|.POSIXshm*.mmap(PRIVATE,ANON)|.mmap(SHARED,ANON)-----------------------+----------------------.mmap(PRIVATE,fd)|.mmap(SHARED,fd)/sharedlibs|3|4Thefollowingmayhelpininterpretingprocesslevelmemoryvaluesdisplayedasscalablecolumnsanddiscussedundertopic`3'.%MEM-simplyRESdividedbytotalphysicalmemoryCODE-the`pgms'portionofquadrant3DATA-theentirequadrant1portionofVIRTplusallexplicitmmapfile-backedpagesofquadrant3RES-anythingoccupyingphysicalmemorywhich,,isthesumofthefollowingthreefields:RSan-quadrant1pages,whichincludeanyformerquadrant3pagesifmodifiedRSfd-quadrant3andquadrant4pagesRSsh-quadrant2pagesRSlk-subsetofRESwhichcannotbeswappedout(anyquadrant)SHR-subsetofRES(excludes1,includesall24,some3)SWAP-potentiallyanyquadrantexcept4USED-simplythesumofRESandSWAPVIRT-everythingin-useand/orreserved(allquadrants)Note:Eventhoughprogramimagesandsharedlibrariesareconsideredprivatetoaprocess,theywillbeaccountedforasshared(SHR):-hv|-bcEeHiOSs1-dsecs-nmax-u|Uuser-ppids-ofield-w[cols]Thetypicallymandatoryswitch(`-')andevenwhitespacearecompletelyoptional.-h|-v:Help/VersionShowlibraryversionandtheusageprompt,thenquit.-b:Batch-modeoperationStartstopinBatchmode,wh,topwillnotacceptinputandrunsuntiltheiterationslimityou'vesetwiththe`-n'command-lineoptionoruntilkilled.-c:Command-line/Program-nametoggleStartstopwiththelastremembered`c',iftopwasdisplayingcommandlines,nowthatfieldwillshowprogramnames,`c'interactivecommandforadditionalinformation.-d:Delay-timeintervalas:-()Specifiesthedelaybetweenscreenupdates,andoverridesthecorrespondingvalueinone'`d'or`s',,however,suchchangesareprohibitediftopisrunninginSecuremode,exceptforroot(unlessthe`s'command-lineoptionwasused).-e:Enforce-Task-Memory-Scalingas:-ek|m|g|t|pInstructstoptoforcetaskareamemorytobescaledas:k-kibibytesm-mebibytesg-gibibytest-tebibytesp-pebibytesLaterthiscanbechangedwiththe`e'commandtoggle.-E:Enforce-Summary-Memory-Scalingas:-Ek|m|g|t|p|eInstructstoptoforcesummaryareamemorytobescaledas:k-kibibytesm-mebibytesg-gibibytest-tebibytesp-pebibytese-exbibytesLaterthiscanbechangedwiththe`E'commandtoggle.-H:`H'interactivecommand.-i:Idle-processtoggleStartstopwiththelastremembered`i',,SIZE.-n:Number-of-iterationslimitas:-nnumberSpecifiesthemaximumnumberofiterations,orframes,topshouldproducebeforeing.-o:Override-sort-fieldas:-ofieldnameSpecifiesthenameofthefieldonwhichtaskswillbesorted,`+'or`-'`+'willforcesortinghightolow,whereasa`-'/scriptedbatchmodeoperation.-O:Oe,(NationalLanguageSupport)translation.-p:Monitor-PIDsmodeas:-pN1-pN2or-pN1,N2,,eration,itisnotnecessarytoquitandrestarttop--justissueanyoftheseinteractivecommands:`=',`u'or`U'.The`p',`u'and`U'command-lineoptionsaremutuallyexclusive.-s:Secure-modeoperationStartstopwithsecuremodeforced,().-S:Cumulative-timetoggleStartstopwiththelastremembered`S',ea`S'interactivecommandforadditionalinformationregardingthismode.-u|-U:User-filter-modeas:-u|-Unumbero`-u'optionmatchesoneffectiveuserwhereasthe`-U'optionmatchesonanyuser(real,effective,saved,orfilesystem).Prepinganexclamationpoint(`!')totheuseridornameinstr`p',`u'and`U'command-lineoptionsaremutuallyexclusive.-w:Output-width-overrideas:-w[number]InBatchmode,whenusedwithoutanargumenttopwillformatoutputusingtheCOLUMNS=andLINES=environmentvariables,,,outputwidthcanbedecreasedorincreased(upto512),whenusedwithoutanargumenttopwillattempttoformatoutputusingtheCOLUMNS=andLINES=environmentvariables,,outputwidthcanonlybedecreased,,:Withouttheuseofthiscommand-lineoption,outputwidthisalwaysbasedontheterminalatwhichtopwasinvokedwhetherornotinBatchmode.-1:Single/Separate-Cpu-StatestoggleStartstlbedisplayedseparately,depingonthestateoftheNUMANodecommandtoggle('2').Seethe`1'and'2':programorwindowname,depingondisplaymodecurrenttimeandlengthoftimesincelastboottotalnumberofuserssystemloadavgoverthelast1,5,,:running;sleeping;stopped;zombieLin,,,user:timerunningun-niceduserprocessessy,system:timerunningkernelprocessesni,nice:timerunningniceduserprocessesid,idle:timespentinthekernelidlehandlerwa,IO-wait:timewaitingforI/Ocompletionhi:timespentservicinghardwareinterruptssi:timespentservicingsoftwareinterruptsst:timestolenfromthisvmbythehypervisorInthealternatecpustatesdisplaymodes,beyondthefirsttasks/threadsline,anabbreviatedsummaryisshownconsistingoftheseelements:abcd%Cpu(s):75.0/25.0100[Where:a)isthe`user'(us+ni)percentage;b)isthe`system'(sy+hi+si)percentage;c)isthetotal;andd)`t'kibibytes(KiB)throughexbibytes(EiB)depingonthescalingfactorenforcedwiththe`E',Line1reflectsphysicalmemory,classifiedas:total,free,usedandbuff/cacheLine2reflectsmostlyvirtualmemory,classifiedas:total,free,usedandavail(whichisphysicalmemory)Theavailnumberonline2isanestimationofphysicalmemoryavailableforstartingnewapplications,,,+,,twoabbreviatedsummarylinesareshownconsistingoftheseelements:abcGiBMem:18.7/15.738[GiBSwap:0.0/7.999[Where:a)isthepercentageused;b)isthetotalavailable;andc),`Mem'graphitselfisdivided`m':KiB=kibibyte=1024bytesMiB=mebibyte=1024KiB=1,048,576bytesGiB=gibibyte=1024MiB=1,073,741,824bytesTiB=tebibyte=1024GiB=1,099,511,627,776bytesPiB=pebibyte=1024TiB=1,125,899,906,842,624bytesEiB=exbibyte=1024PiB=1,152,921,504,606,846,976/'savailableprocessfields(columns).ththe`f'or`F'(FieldsManagement),,`(KiB)',however,`e'%CPU--CPUUsageThetask'sshareoftheelapsedCPUtimesincethelastscreenupdate,,ifaprocessismulti-threadedandtopisnotoperatinginThreadsmode,amountsgreaterthan100%`H',ifIrixmodeisOff,topwilloperateinSolarismodewhereatask'/Solarismodeswiththe`I':Whenrunninginforestviewmode(`V')withchildrencollapsed(`v'),,CONTENTformoreinformationregardingthe`V'and`v'%MEM--MemoryUsage(RES)Atask'`OVERVIEW,LinuxMemoryTypes'belongs,or`-'ownunderthenextheading(CGROUPS).Andasistruethere,(s)towhichaprocessbelongs,or`-'(cpu,memory,networkbandwidth,etc.),denying,prioritizing,:TheCGROUPSfield,unlikemostcolumns,,itplusanyothervariablewidthcolumnswillbeallocatedallremainingscreenwidth(uptothemaximum512characters).Evenso,(KiB)Theamountofphysicalmemorycurrentlydevotedtoexecutablecode,`OVERVIEW,LinuxMemoryTypes'`c','vechosentodisplaycommandlines,processeswithoutacommandline(likekernelthreads)willbeshownwithonlytheprogramnameinbrackets,asinthisexample:[kthreadd]`V':TheCOMMANDfield,unlikemostcolumns,,itplusanyothervariablewidthcolumnswillbeallocatedallremainingscreenwidth(uptothemaximum512characters).Evenso,ed(the`c'interactivecommand.)+StackSize(KiB)(RES)butwillalwaysbeincludedinthevirtualmemory(VIRT)`OVERVIEW,LinuxMemoryTypes's,ifany,,notthesortedorderyouareaccustomedtoseeingwithanunqualified`set'.Note:TheENVIRONfield,unlikemostcolumns,,itplusanyothervariablewidthcolumnswillbeallocatedallremainingscreenwidth(uptothemaximum512characters).Evenso,'scurrentschedulingfl/,adash(`-'),gatask'ththelastusedprocessor(`P').`'2'and`3'intera,rangingfrom-1000to+1000,addedtothecurrentoutofmemoryscore(OOMs),rangingfrom0to+1000,usedtoselecttask(s)`neverkill'whereas1000means`alwayskill'.17.P--LastusedCPU(SMP),theveryactofrunningtopmaybreakthisweakaffinityandcausemoreprocessestochangeCPUsmoreoften(becauseoftheextrademandforcputime).18.PGRP--ProcessGroupIdEveryprocessismemberofauniqueprocessgroupwhichisusedfordistributiono(forked),,thisvalueequalstheprocessID(seePID)ofthefirstmemberofaprocessgroup,'suniqueprocessID,whichperiodicallywraps,,itisadispatchableentitydefinedbyatask_:aprocessgroupID(seePGRP);asessionIDforthesessionleader(seeSID);athreadgroupIDforthethreadgroupleader(seeTGID);andaTTYprocessgroupIDfortheprocessgroupleader(seeTPGID).20.PPID--ParentProcessIdTheprocessID(pid)ofatask'`rt'inthisfield,,realtimepriorityissomewhat,(KiB)Asubsetofthevirtualaddressspace(VIRT),,privatepagesmappedtofiles(includingprogramimagesandsharedlibraries),thisfieldmayalsoincludesharedfile-backedpageswhich,whenmodified,`OVERVIEW,LinuxMemoryTypes'(KiB)Asubsetofresidentmemory(RES)(KiB)Asubsetofresidentmemory(RES)representingth,(KiB)Asubsetofresidentmemory(RES)(KiB)Asubsetofresidentmemory(RES)representingtheexplicitlysharedanonymousshm*/:D=uninterruptiblesleepI=idleR=runningS=sleepingT=stoppedbyjobcontrolsignalt=stoppedbydebuggerduringtraceZ=zombieTasksshownasrunningshouldbemoreproperlythoughtofasreadytorun--theirtask_,youmayseenumeroustasksinthisstatedepingontop'(KiB)Asubsetofresidentmemory(RES)`OVERVIEW,LinuxMemoryTypes'(seePGRP),,thisvalueequalstheprocessID(seePID)ofthefirstmemberofthesession,calledthesessionleader,(s)establishedatloginorinheritedfromatask':TheSUPGIDSfield,unlikemostcolumns,,itplusanyothervariablewidthcolumnswillbeallocatedallremainingscreenwidth(uptothemaximum512characters).Evenso,(s)establishedatloginorinheritedfromatask':TheSUPGRPSfield,unlikemostcolumns,,itplusanyothervariablewidthcolumnswillbeallocatedallremainingscreenwidth(uptothemaximum512characters).Evenso,(KiB)Theformerlyresidentportionofatask'saddress`OVERVIEW,LinuxMemoryTypes',itrepresentsthosetasksthatshareanmm_,ea`S',`S'+--CPUTime,hundredthsThesameasTIME,fortheconnectedtty,,thisvalueequalstheprocessID(seePID)oftheprocessgroupleader(seePGRP).41.(serialport,pty,etc.)fromwhichtheprocesswasstarted,,ataskneednotbeassociatedwithaterminal,inwhichcaseyou'llsee`?''(KiB)Thisfieldrepresentsthenon-swappedphysicalmemoryataskisusing(RES)plustheswappedoutportionofitsaddressspace(SWAP).See`OVERVIEW,LinuxMemoryTypes''(KiB),dataandsharedlibrariesplus`OVERVIEW,LinuxMemoryTypes'(`-')esscommunication(IPC)suchasnetworkdevices,IPaddresses,IProuting,portnumbers,,eachsuchnamespacecouldhaveitsown`init/systemd'(PID,i,nSorting:,,f,F,,a,B,b,H,M,q,S,T,w,z,0-75,_,=,+,A,a,g,G,,Up,Dn,Left,Right,PgUp,PgDn,Home,,4,someo,:Refresh-DisplayThesecommandsawakenrentstatus,?|h:,`h'or`?'onthathelpscreenwilltakeyoutohelpforthoseinteractivecommandsapplicabletoalternate-displaymode.=:`i'(idletasks),`n'(maxtasks)and`v'(hidechildren),Userfiltering,Otherfiltering,,:Zero-SuppresstoggleThiscommanddetermines,GID,NI,:Alternate-Display-ModetoggleThis`g'interactivecommandforinsightinto`current':Bold-Disable/EnabletoggleThiscommandwillinfluenceuseoftheboldterminfocapabilityandaltersboththesummaryareaandtaskareaforthe`current',:WhenthistoggleisOnandtopisoperatinginmonochromemode,,unlessthe`x'and/or`y'togglesareusingreverseforemphasis,therewillbenovisualconfirmationthattheyareevenon.*d|s:Change-Delay-Time-intervalYouwillbepromptedtoenterthedelaytime,inseconds,,(nearly)continuousupdates,withanunsatisfactorydisplayasthesystemandttydrivertrytokeepupwithtop',,:Enforce-Summary-Memory-ScaleinSummaryAreaWiththiscommandyoucancyclethroughtheavailablesummaryareamemoryscalingwhichrangesfromKiB(kibibytesor1,024bytes)throughEiB(exbibytesor1,152,921,504,606,846,976bytes).Ifyouseea`+'betweenadisplayednumberandthefollowinglabel,,:Enforce-Task-Memory-ScaleinTaskAreaWiththiscommandyoucancyclethroughtheavailabletaskareamemoryscalingwhichrangesfromKiB(kibibytesor1,024bytes)throughPiB(pebibytesor1,125,899,906,842,624bytes).Whiletopwilltrytohonortheselectedtargetrange,addition,,however,islikelytoproduceanallzeroresultwhichcannotbesuppressedwiththe`0':Choose-Another-Window/Field-GroupYouwillbepromptedtoenteranumberbetween1and4designatingthefieldgroupwhichshouldbemadethe`current',:Threads-modetoggleWhenthistoggleisOn,individ,:Irix/Solaris-ModetoggleWhenoperatinginSolarismode(`I'toggledOff),atask',you'llbetoldthenewstateofthistoggle.*k:nintheprompt(thefirsttaskdisplayed).,asreflectedintheprompt,,youcansanysignal,,dooneofthefollowingdepingonyourprogress:1)atthepidprompt,typeaninvalidnumber2)atthesignalprompt,type0(oranyinvalidsignal)3)atanyprompt,typeEscq:Quit*r:nintheprompt(thefirsttaskdisplayed).,anegat,ordina,dooneofthefollowingdepingonyourprogress:1)atthepidprompt,typeaninvalidnumber2)attheniceprompt,typeEnterwithnoinput3)atanyprompt,typeEscW:Write-the-Configuration-FileThiswillsave,:,theyaresubjecttotruncationwhichwouldbeindicatedbya`+'elds:fielddefaultfielddefaultfielddefaultGID5GROUP8WCHAN10RUID5LXC8nsIPC10SUID5RUSER8nsMNT10UID5SUSER8nsNET10TTY8nsPID10USER8nsUSER10nsUTS10You,topwillautomatica:Whetherexplicitlyorautomaticallyincreased,:Inspect-Other-OutputAfterissuingthe`Y'interactivecommand,:Thisinteractivecommandisonlyfullyrealizedwhensupporti,,however,add`less'=alternatestatus-line,fileorpipeline/find,equivalentto`L'locatenfindnext,equivalentto`'locatenextSpacescrolldown,equivalenttoPgDnbscrollup,equivalenttoPgUpgfirstline,equivalenttoHomeGlastline,equivalenttoZ:Change-Color-MappingThiskeywilltakeyoutoaseparatescreenwhereyoucanchangethecolorsforthe`current'window,*Thecommandsshownwithanasterisk(`*')arenotavailableinSecuremode,`current'window/`g'interactivecommandforinsightinto`current':Show-scroll-coordinatestoggleToggleaninformationalmessa:Load-Average/UptimetoggleThisisalsothelinecontainingtheprogramname(possiblyanalias)whenoperatinginfull-screenmodeorthe`current':Task/Cpu-StatestoggleThiscommandaffectsfrom2tomanysummaryarealines,depingonthestateofthe`1',`2'or`3'`H'interactivecommandtoggle,,cyclingthroughthesemodes:1./systemandtotal%+/systemandtotal%+modes,thedisplaybecomes`1',`2'and`3':Memory/Swap-UsagetoggleThiscommanda,cyclingthroughthesemodes:1.%used/totalavailable+%used/totalavailable+:Single/Separate-Cpu-StatestoggleThiscommandaffectshowthe`t'command'chines,`%Cpu(s):'inthesummaryarea,the`1',eachcpuisdisplayedseparatelyas:`%Cpu0,%Cpu1,':NUMA-Nodes/Cpu-SummarytoggleThiscommandtogglesbetweenthe`1'commandcpusummarydisplay(only):Expa,anodesummaryplusthestatisticsforeachcpuinthatnodewillbeshownuntilthe`1',`2'or`4':Display-Cpus-Two-AbreastThiscommandturnsthe`1''swidthisdecreasedbelowtheminimumwhiletopisrunning,toprevertstothenormal`1',asopposedtothegraphicrepresentations,aminimumwidthof165columnswouldberequired.!:Combine-Cpus-ModeThiscommandtoggleisintedformassivelyparallelSMPenvironmentswhere,evenwiththe`4'commandtoggle,`!'thenumberofadditionalcpu',withthefirstpressof`!'oneadditionalcpuwillbecombinedanddisplayedas`0-1,2-3,'insteadofthenormal`%Cpu0,%Cpu1,%Cpu2,%Cpu3,'.Withasecond`!'commandtoggletwoadditionalcpusarecombinedandshownas`0-2,3-5,'.Thenthethird'!'press,combiningfouradditionalcpus,showsas`0-4,5-9,',impactsboththe`1'and`4'toggles(oneortwocolumns).Usethe`=':IftheentiresummaryareahasbeentoggledOffforanywindow,,youwillhavemaximizedavailabletaskrowsbut(temporarily)sacrificedtheprogramnameinfull-screenmodeorthe`current'laymodeifthe`current'window'staskdisplayhasbeentoggledOff().APPEARANCEoftaskwindowJ:Justify-Numeric-ColumnstoggleAlternatesbetweenright-justified(thedefault),:Justify-Character-ColumnstoggleAlternatesbetweenleft-justified(thedefault),`B'(boldenable):Bold/ReversetoggleThiscommandwillimpacthowthe`x'and`y'statesormemoryusageviathe`t'or`m':sualreminder,:1)thereisinsufficientScreenWidth2)the`f'interactivecommandturneditOffNote:WheneverSearchingand/orOtherFilteringisactiveinawindow,:Row-HighlighttoggleChangeshighlightingfor"running",,the`S'field(ProcessStatus).Useofthisprovisionprovidesimportantinsightintoyoursystem':Color/MonochrometoggleSwitchesthe`current'windowbetweenyourlasctthestateofthe`x',`y'or`b':Command-Line/Program-NametoggleThiscom,shouldthatfieldcomeintoview,|F:Fields-ManagementThesekeysdisplayaseparatescreenwhereyoucanchangewhichfieldsaredisplayed,|O:Other-FilteringYouwillbepromptedfortheselectioncriteriawhichthetermineswhichtaskswillbeshowninthe`current':Cumulative-Time-ModetoggleWhenCumulativemodeisOn,ea,`init'orashellthisisappropriatebutforothers,likecompilers,rent`S',you',|U:Show-Speciuser(real,effective,saved,orfilesystem).Thereafter,inthattaskwindowonlymatchinguserswillbeshown,(`!')totheuseridornameinstr,ifyouwishtomonitorallusersagaininthe`current'window,:Forest-View-ModetoggleInthismode,processesarereorderedaccordingtommandline(seethe`c'interactivecommand)orbetweenprocessesandthreads(seethe`H'interactivecommand).Note:Typinganykeyaffectingthesortorderwillexitforestviewmodeinthe`current',:Hide/Show-ChildrentoggleWheninforestviewmode,(topmost)processinthe`current',:,,duetothegranularityofthe%CPUandTIME+fields,aymode,thenitwillnotaffectthewindow'ssize,|13(required)Field-Name?include-if-value!Field-Name?exclude-if-value1,4:theprogramname/aliasnotation"linea:winname,fieldscurwindowlinec:summclr,msgsclr,headclr,taskclrglobalanyremaininglinesaredevotedtooptional"plus'inspect'entriesdiscussedinsection6bbelowIfavalidabsolutepathtothercfilecannotbeestablished,`Y'interactivecommand,/pipelinetobeexecutedwhoseresultswillthenbedisplayedinaseparatescrollable,'tknowthelocationornameofyourtoprcfile,usethe`W'()ratherthanapp(),whenusinganeditorcaremustbetakennottocorruptexistinglines,`',thepseudotabdepictions(^I)`\t'butthiswilleliminateembedded`\t'pipe^Iyour_name^Icat/proc/%d/status|expand-Note:,ifa`pipe'suchasthefollowingisestablished,`^C'^ITrace^I/usr/bin/strace-p%d21Lastly,while`pipe'typeentrieshavebeiscussedintermsofpipelinesandcommands,`Y',asthenumberofyourInspectentriesgrowsovertime,the`Options:',ifsomechoicesarelosttotruncationbutyouwanttoseemoreoptions,:left/rightthenEnterOptions:help1234567891011Theentriesinthetoprcfilewouldhaveanumberforthe`.name'elementandthe`help'entrywouldidentifyashellscriptyou',clude`inspect'igurationwiththe`W'`inspect'/etc/directoryas`topdefaultrc'.6,/,itiscreatedmanuallyandplaceditinthe/etc/directoryas`toprc'.Itshouldhaveexactlytwolines,asshowninthisexample:sline2:,assumingyou',topneedsfull-screenmode.•Theuserinterface,throughpromptsandhelp,int,you',,:.provideaschedulingboostandtinydelayvia:(TIME/MEMworkwell),andnormalorreversesortstobringthemostactiveprocessesintoviewWhatyou'llseeisaverybusyLinuxdoingwhathe'salwaysdoneforyou,buttherewasnoprogramavailabletoillustratethis.•Underanxtermusing`white-on-black'colors,ontop'sColorMappingscreensetthetaskcolortoblackandbesurethattaskhighlightingissettobold,,whatyou'llseearetheghostlyimagesofjustthecurrentlyrunningtasks.•Deletetheexistingrcfile,`T'(asecretkey,,SORTING)followedby`W'and`q'.Finally,restarttheprogramwith-d0(zerodelay).Yourdisplaywillberefreshedatthreetimestherateoftheformertop,a300%,beaspati,topneedsalternate-displaymode.•With3or4taskdisplaysvisible,pickanywindowotherthanthelastandturnidleprocessesOffusingthe`i'`i',sometimesseveraltaskdisplaysarebouncingandsometimesit'slikeanaccordion,astoptrieshisbesttoallocatespace.•Seteachwindow'ssummarylinesdifferently:onewithnomemory(`m');anotherwithnostates(`t');maybeonewithnothingatall,`a'or`w'andwatchavariationonbouncingwindows--hoppingwindows.•Displayall4windowsandforeach,inturn,setidleprocessestoOffusingthe`i''vejustenteredthe"extremebounce"e.•Displayall4windowsandmakesurethat1:Defisthe`current',keepincreasingwindowsizewiththe`n'interactivecommanduntilalltheothertaskdisplaysare"pushedoutofthenest".Whenthey'veallbeisplaced,togglebetweenallvisible/invisiblewindowsusingthe`_':istopfibbingortellinghonestlyyourimposedtruth?7'SwitcherooThisstupidtrickworksbestwithoutalternate-displaymode,sincejustificationisactiveonaperwindowbasis.•StarttopandmakeCOMMANDthelast(rightmost),usethe`c'commandtoggletodisplaycommandlinesandensurethatforestviewmodeisactivewiththe`V'/downarrowkeystopositionthedisplaysothatsometruncatedcommandlinesareshown(`+'inlastposition).,usethe`j',,whileotherstravelrighteventuallyalllineswillSwitcheroo,⟨procps@⟩.9.SEEAlsofree(1),ps(1),uptime(1),atop(1),slabtop(1),vmstat(8),w(1)procps-ngSeptember2020TOP(1)

man帮助手册的内容非常丰富，可耐心学习

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